HISTORY OF PAKISTAN AND INDIA (CSS Notes)

Introduction This period refers to the time when Muslim rulers established their political dominance in the Indian subcontinent, starting with the Arab conquest of Sindh in 712 CE and ending with the arrival of the British in the mid-19th century. It encompasses several dynasties, including the Ghaznavids, Delhi Sultanate, and Mughal Empire. Muslim rule significantly influenced the political, social, and cultural landscape of the region. Political History Arrival, Foundation, and Consolidation of Muslim Rule in India The arrival of Muslims in India marked a significant turning point in the political history of the subcontinent. The Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim's conquest of Sindh in 712 CE established the first Muslim political entity in the region. This early Muslim presence in India paved the way for subsequent invasions and the establishment of Muslim rule. The arrival of Muslim rulers brought about notable changes in the political structure of the subcontinent. The Delhi Sul...